Český finanční a účetní časopis 2018(1):5-23 | DOI: 10.18267/j.cfuc.507

Nature of Audit and Demand for Audit

Michal Bobek
Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, Fakulta financí a účetnictví, katedra financí a oceňování podniku, nám. W. Churchilla 4, 130 67 Praha 3.

The article analyses the purpose of audit in the current market economy. The article focuses on the demand for the audit. The article presents theories of audit (Policeman theory, Lending credibility theory, Theory of inspired confidence and Agency theory) and hypothesis of existence of audit (Monitoring hypothesis, Information hypothesis and Insurance hypothesis). These theories explain the reasons for the existence of the audit and its functions. These theories and hypothesis are compared with the factors determined as crucial for forming the demand for audit services. The article compares the results to the current development and repetitive misstatements in audited financial statements. The results and presents the reasons for that.

Keywords: Audit; Demand for audit; Agency theory.
JEL classification: M42

Published: May 1, 2018  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Bobek, M. (2018). Nature of Audit and Demand for Audit. Czech Financial and Accounting Journal2018(1), 5-23. doi: 10.18267/j.cfuc.507
Download citation

References

  1. AAA [American Accounting Association], 1973. Committee on Basic Auditing Concepts. A Statement of Basic Auditing Concepts. Sarasota: American Accounting Association.
  2. AKERLOF, G. A., 1970. The Market for "Lemons". Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. Roč. 84, č. 3, s. 488-500. doi: 10.2307/1879431. Go to original source...
  3. ALCHIAN, A. A., DEMSETZ, H., 1972. Production, Information Costs, and Economic Organization. The American Economic Review. Roč. 62, č. 5, s. 777-795.
  4. BASIOUDIS, I. G., FRANCIS, J. R., 2007. Big 4 Audit Fee Premiums for National and Office-Level Industry Leadership in the United Kingdom. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory. Roč. 26, č. 2, s. 143-166. doi: 10.2308/aud.2007.26.2.143. Go to original source...
  5. BEAVER, W., 1989. Financial Reporting: An Accounting Revolution. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Int.
  6. BOBEK, M., 2014. Vliv vztahů zastoupení na kvalitu informací poskytovaných ověřovacími službami. Český finanční a účetní časopis, Roč. 9, č. 2, s. 52-68. doi: 10.18267/j.cfuc.394. Go to original source...
  7. BOONE, J. P., KHURANA, I. K., RAMAN, K. K., 2008. Audit Firm Tenure and the Equity Risk Premium. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance. Roč. 23, č. 1, s. 115-140. doi: 10.1177/0148558x0802300107. Go to original source...
  8. BROWN, D. L., SHU, S. Z., SOO, B. S., TROMPETER, G. M., 2013. The Insurance Hypothesis: An Examination of KPMG's Audit Clients around the Investigation and Settlement of the Tax Shelter Case. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory. Roč. 32, č. 4, s. 1-24.doi: 10.2308/ajpt-50515. Go to original source...
  9. COSTOUROS, G. J., 1978. Auditing in the Athenian State of the Golden Age (500-300 B.C.). Accounting Historians Journal. Roč. 5, č. 1, s. 41-50. doi: 10.2308/0148-4184.5.1.41. Go to original source...
  10. DOWLER, F., HARRIS, E. M., 1912. Auditing, Accounting and Banking: A Manual for Accountants, Advanced Book-keeping. Students, and Business Men. Londýn: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons.
  11. ELLIOTT, K. R., KORPI, A. R., 1978. Factors Affecting Audit Fee. In: SHAKUN, M. F., 1978. Cost-benefit analysis of auditing. Research Study Nr. 3, Commission on Auditors' Responsibilities. New York: American Insitute of Certified Public Accountants.
  12. FAMA, E. F., LAFFER, A. B., 1971. Information and Capital Markets. The Journal of Business. Roč. 44, č. 3, s. 289-298. doi: 10.1086/295379. Go to original source...
  13. FREIFELD, K., 2015. Ernst & Young settles with N.Y. for $10 million over Lehman auditing. Zpráva z 15. dubna 2015. Reuters. [cit. 14. 08. 2017]. Dostupné z: <http://www.reuters.com/article/us-ernst-lehman-bros-idUSKBN0N61SM20150415>.
  14. GLOVER, S. M., 1997. The influence of time preassure and accountability on auditors' processing of nondiagnostic information. Journal of Accounting Research. Roč. 35, č. 2, s. 213-227. doi: 10.2307/2491361. Go to original source...
  15. HARAHAP, D. Y., IRAWADY, C., BEDE, D., JAYANTI, D. D, 2018. Audit Fee: Evidence from Indonesia after Adopting International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research. Roč. 7, č. 1 (dodatkové), s. 170-182.
  16. HAY, D., DAVIS, D., 2004. The voluntary choice of an auditor of any level of quality. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory. Roč. 23, č. 2. s. 39-55. doi: 10.2308/aud.2004.23.2.37. Go to original source...
  17. HAYES, R., DASSEN, R., SCHILDER, A., WALLAGE, P., 2005. Principles of Auditing. An Introduction to International Standards of Auditing. Essex, Velká Británie: Pearson Education.
  18. HOLMAN, R. a kol., 2001. Dějiny ekonomického myšlení. Praha: C.H. Beck.
  19. CHOW, C., 1982. The demand for external auditing: Size, debt and ownership influences. The Accounting Review. Roč. 57, č. 2. s. 272-291.
  20. ITTONEN, K., 2010. A Theoretical Examination of the Role of Auditing and the Relevance of Audit Reports. Teaching Aid. Vaasa: Vaasan Yliopiston Julkaisuja. [cit. 14. 08. 2017]. Dostupné z: <www.uva.fi/materiaali/pdf/isbn_978-952-476-298-4.pdf>.
  21. JENSEN, M. C., MECKLING, W. H., 1976. Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economics, Roč. 3, č. 4, s. 305-360. doi: 10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x. Go to original source...
  22. KINNEY, W. R., MARTIN, R. D., 1994. Does Auditing Reduce Bias in Financial Reporting? A Review of Audit-Related Adjustment Studies. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory. Roč. 13, č. 1, s. 149-156.
  23. LENNOX, C., 1999. Audit quality and auditor size: an evaluation of reputation and deep pockets hypotheses. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting. Roč. 26, č. 7-8, s. 779-805. doi: 10.1111/1468-5957.00275. Go to original source...
  24. LIMPERG, T., 1932. Theory of Inspired Confidence. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.
  25. MAREK, P., 2007. Vliv teorie zastoupení na teorii podnikových financí. Český finanční a účetní časopis. Roč. 2, č. 2, s. 6-16. doi: 10.18267/j.cfuc.217. Go to original source...
  26. MARRIS, R. L., 1964. The Economic Theory of "Managerial" Capitalism. London: Macmillan. Go to original source...
  27. MESSIER, W. F., GLOVER, S. M., PRAWITT, D. F., 2008. Auditing & Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
  28. MUSÍLEK, P., 2008. Příčiny globální finanční krize a selhání regulace. Český finanční a účetní časopis. Roč. 3, č. 4, s. 6-20. doi: 10.18267/j.cfuc.285. Go to original source...
  29. NELSON, M., TAN, H.-T., 2005. Judgment and Decision Making Research in Auditing: A Task, Person, and Interpersonal Interaction Perspective. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory. Roč. 24, č. s-1. s. 41-71. doi: 10.2308/aud.2005.24.s-1.41. Go to original source...
  30. NG, T. B.-P., TAN, H.-T., 2003. Effects of authoritative guidance availability and audit committee effectiveness on auditors' judgments in an auditor-client negotiation context. The Accounting Review. Roč. 78, č. 3, s. 819-846. doi: 10.2308/accr.2003.78.3.801. Go to original source...
  31. NICHOLSON, I. M., 2004. Parmalat investigation focuses on audit firms. Financial Times. Zpráva z 19. ledna 2004. [cit. 28. 10. 2017]. Dostupné z <https://search.proquest.com/docview/228853916>.
  32. PAYNE, E. A., RAMSAY, R. J., 2008. Audit documentation Method: A Path Model of Cognitive Processing, Memory and Performance. Auditing: A Journal of Practive & Theory. Roč. 27, č. 1, s. 151-168. doi: 10.2308/aud.2008.27.1.151. Go to original source...
  33. PORTER, B. A., 1990. The Audit Expectations Gap and the Role of External Auditors in Society. Ph.D. Thesis. Massey University.
  34. POWER, M., 1994. The Audit Explosion. Londýn: Demos.
  35. POWER, M., 2003. Evaluating the Audit Explosion. Law & Policy. Roč. 25, č. 3, s. 185-202. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9930.2003.00147.x. Go to original source...
  36. PRATOOMSUWAN, T., 2017. Audit prices and Big 4 fee premiums: further evidence from Thailand. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies. Roč. 7, č. 1, s. 2-15. doi: 10.1108/jaee-07-2014-0039. Go to original source...
  37. RAPOPORT, M., MICHAELS, D., 2016. Ernst & Young to Pay $11.8 Million to Settle SEC Claims. The Wall Street Journal. Zpráva z 18. října 2016. [cit. 28. 10. 2017]. Dostupné z: <https://www.wsj.com/articles/ernst-young-to-pay-11-8-million-to-settle-sec-claims-1476809078>.
  38. RAPOPORT, M., MICHAELS., D., 2017. KPMG to Pay $6.2 Million to Settle SEC Claims of Audit Failures. The Wall Street Journal. Zpráva z 15 srpna 2017. [cit. 28. 10. 2017] Dostupné z: <https://www.wsj.com/articles/kpmg-to-pay-6-2-million-to-settle-sec-claims-of-audit-failures-1502813301>.
  39. ROBU, I.-B., CHERSAN, I.-C., MIRONIUC, M., CARP, M., 2012. Empirical Study on the Assessment of the Auditor's Responsibility Regarding the Risk of Financial Fraud. Communications of the IBIMA. Roč. 2012, č. 216771. doi: 10.5171/2012.216771. Go to original source...
  40. SALEHI, M., 2010. Evaluating Effectiveness of External Auditors' Report: Empirical Evidence from Iran. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences. Roč. 4, č. 1, s. 69-83.
  41. SHAKUN, M. F., 1978. Cost-benefit analysis of auditing. Research Study Nr. 3, Commission on Auditors' Responsibilities. New York: American Insitute of Certified Public Accountants, Inc.
  42. SHELTON, S. W., 1999. The effect of experience on the use of irrelevant evidence in auditor judgment. The Accounting Review. Roč. 74, č. 2, s. 217-224. doi: 10.2308/accr.1999.74.2.217. Go to original source...
  43. SUN, T., ALLES, M., VASARHELYI, M., 2015. Adopting continuous auditing: A cross-sectional comparison between China and the United States. Managerial Auditing Journal. Roč. 30, č. 2. s. 176-204. doi: 10.1108/maj-08-2014-1080. Go to original source...
  44. TAN, H., 1995. Effects of Expectations, Prior Involvement, and Review Awareness on Memory for Audit Evidence and Judgement. Journal of Accounting Research. Roč. 33, č. 1, s. 113-135. doi: 10.2307/2491295. Go to original source...
  45. TOLLESON, T. D., PAI, K., 2011. The Big 4 Accounting Firms: Too Big To Fail? International journal of business, accounting, and finance. Roč. 5, č. 1, s. 56-66.
  46. WALLACE, W. A., 1985. Auditing Monographs, New York: Macmillian Publishing Company.
  47. WALLACE, W. A., 1987. The economic role of the audit in free and regulated markets: A review. Research in Accounting Regulation, Roč. 1, s. 7-34.
  48. WALLACE, W. A., 2004. The economic Role of the Audit in free and regulated Markets: A Look Back and a Look Forward. Research in Accounting Regulation. Roč. 17, s. 267-298. doi: 10.1016/S1052-0457(04)17012-4. Go to original source...
  49. WALTON, S., KIMBALL, D. S., 1916. Auditing and Cost Finding. New York: Alexander Hamilton Institute.
  50. WATTS, R., ZIMMERMANN, J., 1979. The demand for and supply of accounting theories: the market for excuses. The Accounting Review. Roč. 54, č. 2, s. 273-305.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.